Beowulf & Grendel is a 2005 film loosely based on the Anglo-Saxon epic poem Beowulf. It was filmed in Iceland and directed by Sturla Gunnarsson, it stars Gerard Butler as Beowulf, Stellan Skarsgard as Hrothgar, Ingvar Sigurdsson as Grendel and Sarah Polley as the witch Selma. The film is a cooperative effort between Eurasia Motion Pictures (Canada) Spice Factory (UK), and Bjolfskvida (Iceland). The screenplay was written by Andrew Rai Berzins. The soundtrack was composed by Hilmar Örn Hilmarsson. The story takes place sometime during the early half of the sixth century A.D. in what is now Denmark, but the filming of the movie in Iceland provided many panoramic views of that country's unique landscape.
Plot: Daneland 500 A.D.. As Hrothgar, the king of the Danes, and his men cross the land they slaughter a man they randomly encounter. However Hrothgar sees the man’s son clinging to a clifftop and lets the child live. Several years later Hrothgar opens a new mead hall but soon after a giant troll enters and slaughters Hrothgar’s men while they sleep. The troll continues to return and kill the Danes. The Geatish hero Beowulf hears of the plight of Hrothgar, who is his blood brother, and sets sail to Daneland with twelve warriors, determined to find and kill the troll. There Beowulf is drawn to Selma, a woman who is socially castigated by the Danes because she is reputed to be a witch and is able to tell futures. Selma tells Beowulf how Grendel, the troll, may be more humane than the monster the Danes see it as and that it is driven by personal vengeance.
Beowulf is a verse poem written in Old English that is considered to be one of the great epic works of early literature. Beowulf ’s author is unknown and the date of its writing is only roughly estimated as being somewhere between the 9th and 11th Centuries. The work describes how the title hero Beowulf and his twelve comrades from Geat (a tribe from Sweden, also known as the Ostrogoths) venture to Daneland (Denmark) to aid King Hrothgar who is besieged in his mighty meadhall Heorot by the troll Grendel. The single original manuscript of the poem existed in private ownership and was not translated into modern language until 1820 and into English in 1837. (In an interesting piece of trivia, Beowulf languished in obscurity until J.R. Tolkien published an essay in 1936 arguing the literary merits of the work). Some of the characters in Beowulf are believed based on real historical people and in fact an archaeological dig in the 1980s revealed the remains of a large hall exactly where the manuscript describes Heorot as being.
For all its stature as probably the first work of what we know as heroic adventure fiction, Beowulf has had a rather erratic history on film. In fact up until the millennium there had been no actual screen adaptations of the legend itself, but rather peculiarly several deconstructions of Beowulf – the Australian animated film Grendel Grendel Grendel (1981), based on John Gardner’s novel, which retells the story from the point-of-view of Grendel; the Troma film Beware: Children at Play (1989) where the leader of a group of killer children believes himself to reincarnation of Grendel and the epic plays out in modern day; the Star Trek: Voyager episode Heroes and Demons (1995), which turns the story into a holodeck simulation; Beowulf (1999), which was a retelling of only the first third of the poem that relocated it to a world that was a peculiar mix of Mediaeval and post-holocaust; and The 13th Warrior (1999), based on Michael Crichton’s novel Eaters of the Dead (1976), which explains the story away as an encounter between Viking warriors and surviving Neanderthals. The 00s however have seen a sudden crop of Beowulf adaptations with this version being first up and followed by Grendel (2006), an adaptation shot for The Sci-Fi Channel; the low-budget American-shot Beowulf: Prince of the Geats (2007); and Robert Zemeckis’s high-profile performance capture animated Beowulf (2007). Almost certainly this sudden cinematic interest in Beowulf has been brought about by the renewed popularity of epic fantasy on screen that came about after the success of Peter Jackson’s The Lord of the Rings .
Beowulf & Grendel comes from Sturla Gunnarsson, an Icelandic-born director who has been resident in Canada since the age of seven. In Canada, Gunnarsson has mostly worked in tv and directed a handful of features with Gerrie & Louise (1997), Such a Long Journey (1998) and Rare Birds (2001), none of which seem very well known outside of Canada. Gunnarsson’s screenwriter is Canadian tv writer Andrew Rai Berzins whose one previous genre entry was the oddball vampire film Blood & Donuts (1995). Gunnarsson reportedly conceived Beowulf & Grendel as a work that would make full use of his Icelandic homeland (even though Iceland is technically some 1300 miles away from where Beowulf is located). One can see that Gunnarsson is clearly attempting to do with Iceland the same that Peter Jackson did with New Zealand in The Lord of the Rings – that is to say use a country that is renowned for its raw, natural scenery to represent a primordial land of myth and legend. (In fact if anything, Iceland’s landscapes look far more raw and primal than New Zealand’s did in The Lord of the Rings ). On the minus side, Gunnarsson clearly doesn’t have the stratospheric budget available that Peter Jackson did. The sets built are fairly minor ones – Heorot is not quite the mighty meadhall that one imagines from the legend; the battle scenes never extend beyond a couple of combatants swinging swords in practice combat; and there are no CGI effects at all.
But far more so than The Lord of the Rings , what one suspects inspired Gunnarsson and Andrew Rai Berzins was not the idea of creating another fantasy film but making an historical epic. Beowulf & Grendel really has far more in common with the recent fad for historical films such as Gladiator (2000) and in particular Braveheart (1995) than it does a fantasy film. As with other recent historical epics like King Arthur (2004), Troy (2004) and Tristan + Isolde (2006), Beowulf & Grendel is notably an adaptation of a classic work of legend that has stripped all the mythical/fantastical elements out and retold the work as a realist historical story. In the original Beowulf there is considerably more in the way of fantasy elements than there is here – Grendel has a magic invulnerability that protects him from damage; Beowulf is given Hrunting, a magical sword, to combat Grendel’s mother. More noticeably, while Beowulf & Grendel is generally quite faithful to the original text, it has dumped one third of the entire original story – the part that deals with Beowulf returning home to become king and then fighting a dragon that is terrorizing the kingdom, losing his life in the process. There is not much at all left in the film that could be truly construed as fantasy any more – Sarah Polley’s witch who appears to be able to see the future and Grendel’s mother, the Valkyrie-like sea hag, who appears from beneath the water to try and drag men to their doom, both of which are ambiguously fantastic. In his telling, Andrew Rai Berzins also takes a much more sympathetic view of Grendel. In the original, Grendel is considered a creature of evil and is said to be descended directly from the Biblical Cain – the unknown author takes a black-and-white and quite unambiguous view in regarding Grendel as evil. Berzins however approaches from a position of moral relativism and makes Grendel much more of a human character – he is not a monster, simply someone (who seems more a human giant than a monster) that is exacting vengeance against the Danes because of Hrothgar’s murder of his father (an aspect that does not exist in the poem). Indeed Berzins’ deconstruction of Grendel is such that in the film the story of Beowulf is no longer really so much one about a hero confronting a monster, but rather about a hero exposing a social injustice – a king’s casual cruelty and the vengeful wounded hurt of a social outcast. Indeed this element concerning social outcasts seems to run right throughout the film and is reinforced elsewhere in the characters of Sarah Polley’s witch and of the intellectually handicapped man that Beowulf saves from being stoned by children.
One of the great academic debates about Beowulf has always been whether it was conceived as a Christian or a pagan work. Although Biblical references do exist in the work, the poem seems to be neutral about such matters, although most scholars seem to agree that it was probably originally a pagan legend that was subject to rewriting by a Christian author. Andrew Rai Berzins manages to quite cleverly not only reinterpret Beowulf , but to dig beneath it into the bedrock of a great many academic issues that exist about its authorship and to cleverly make these into the historico-cultural locus of the film. Like fantasy films of the 1980s such as Dragonslayer (1981) and Excalibur (1981), Berzins sites Beowulf & Grendel on the cusp between the end of paganism and the emerging new ideology of Christianity. Certainly this is not an element that is present in the poem – there is no character of Father Brendan or equivalent thereof in the original, for instance; and neither does the character of the pagan witch Selma (played by Sarah Polley) exist in the original legend; and nor do King Hrothgar and the Danes convert to Christendom.
Gerard Butler is an actor with great presence – he made a wonderfully charismatic and sexy vampire in Dracula 2000 (2000) but has since been cast in a series of forgettable roles in films like Lara Croft, Tomb Raider: The Cradle of Life (2003), Timeline (2003) and made for a surprisingly wimpy Phantom in The Phantom of the Opera (2004). Here he has a role that allows him to rise to provide heroic strength and does well in the part. Both Stellan Skarsgård and Sarah Polley also give solid and reliable performances in their roles.
(Winner in this site’s Top 10 Films of 2005 list. Nominee for Best Adapted Screenplay, Best Supporting Actor (Stellan Skarsgård) and Best Supporting Actress (Sarah Polley) at this site’s Best of 2005 Awards ).
Labels: Action, Adventure, Beowulf, Chrisitianity, Fantasy Film, Grendel, Kind of Danes
